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Stamp Tax Passed, Colonies Protest

1765

 

The end of the French and Indian War left Britain victorious. It also left the British government with a debt of 140 million pounds. The British, led by Prime Minister George Greenville, felt that the colonists should share some of the continued burden of sustaining British troops in the colonies. Greenville's first action was to order the navy to enforce the Navigation Acts. He then secured passage from the British parliament of the Sugar Act, which raised the duty on sugar and other items imported into the colonies. Colonial protests forced the British to scale back the tariffs. The sugar tariffs were followed by the Quartering Act, forcing colonists to provide housing and food for British troops. In 1765 a Stamp Tax was enacted. It imposed taxes on all legal documents (i.e. marriage licenses, newspapers, and 47 other documents). The colonists responded with vocal protests. Not only did these taxes hurt their pocketbooks, but they were highly visible (i.e. they were needed for every day transactions). In addition, to enforce the actions, the British announced that colonial offenders were to be tried in the hated Admiralty courts. The protests, which grew, began developing new slogans including "No taxation without representation". One result of the protests was the meeting of the Stamp Act Congress in New York, to which many of the colonies sent representatives. Many colonies agreed not to import any British goods until the Stamp Tax was repealed. On the day the Stamp Tax was supposed to go into effect all of the stamp commissioners were forced to resign. With such active opposition from colonists, there was no way to enforce this tax. In 1766, the British parliament repealed the Stamp Tax; as it caused British merchants to suffer greatly from the effects of the embargo and was found to be unenforceable.

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